8/30/2023 0 Comments Bone markings of the skull![]() ![]() ![]() A large, shallow, basin-like depression, such as those found in cranial bones, is a fossa, which helps protect and house vital organs such as the brain. In addition to projections, bones also have depressions and openings that allow vasculature and nerves to pass through or along the bone without being compressed against the surface. Other rounded projections with a roughened surface are called tuberosities. An epicondyle is a tubercle-like process that arises atop a condyle. In contrast, tubercles are small, knobby processes that help attach to smaller muscles, tendons, and ligaments. For example, large muscles can attach at long, narrow, and usually curved projections called crests, or along sharp, slender, and usually pointed processes called spines. Any projection is called a process, and it can vary in shape and size. These points of attachment are usually raised projections from the bone surface. Facets may also be slightly convex or concave.īones can only provide structure and movement to the body if they are attached to surrounding tissues, such as ligaments, tendons and aponeuroses, and muscles. This is seen in bones such as the vertebrae, which form the facet joints with other vertebrae. Another articulating feature is the flat, broad surface called the facet. Both the head and condyle are usually covered in articular cartilage for ease of movement at the joints. A similarly rounded knuckle-like projection is the condyle, also found at the ends of long bones. These articulations form a ball-and-socket joint, as seen at the hip and shoulder joints. ![]() The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of large, long bones. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. While a sulcus is a narrow groove that houses nerves and blood vessels running along the surface of a bone a fossa is a broad, shallow depression that helps the bone articulate with another bone.Īdditionally, multiple openings, such as the round foramen and the narrow fissure, allow nerves, vessels, and other tissues to pass through the bones.īones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. They also attach to muscles and ligaments.ĭepressions are indentations that support other structures. Large bones, such as the femur and humerus, form joints via a rounded head supported by a narrow neck.īones also have processes, such as narrow ridges called crests or sharp, slender projections called spines, for the attachment of muscles, ligaments, and tendons.Įpicondyles are small, rounded prominences present on the condyles, and tubercles are those present on other regions of the bone. These features include articulating projections, attachment processes, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections, such as rounded condyles and flat facets, help form joints with other bones. Bone markings are features on their surface that help them interact with other bones and tissues. ![]()
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