8/31/2023 0 Comments What is motion![]() ![]() ![]() Stieber charged that the newspaper asked her to write so many daily stories that she could not perform her duties as a special projects reporter. In that case the reporter, Tamar Stieber, sued her employer for, among other things, intentional infliction of emotional distress. 1995), the court found that the issue of whether a newspaper company's treatment of a reporter was extreme and outrageous was a legal question, not a factual question. A court will grant a summary judgment motion when the material facts of the case are not in dispute and all that remains to be determined are questions of law. A party can file a motion for a more definite statement when the language in a pleading is so vague or ambiguous that the party cannot reasonably be expected to draft a responsive pleading.Ī motion for Summary Judgment, also known as a motion for judgment on the pleadings, asks the court to make a judgment solely on the facts set forth in the pleadings, without the necessity of trial. Merely firing an employee for unfair reasons is not illegal thus a court may dismiss this complaint.Ī motion to strike asks the court to remove from the record inadmissible evidence or language in pleadings that is redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous. For example, a complaint alleges that an employer unfairly fired an employee but does not allege illegal discrimination or labor practices. This is known as making an amendment on the court's own motion.Ī motion to dismiss asks the court to dismiss an action because the initial pleading, or complaint, fails to state a Cause of Action or claim for which the law provides a remedy. Sometimes judges themselves take action on behalf of a party, such as changing or adding necessary language to a Pleading without a motion from a party. Motions for mistrial-made when courtroom proceedings are fraught with errors, inadmissible evidence, or disruptions so prejudicial to a party's case that justice cannot be served-often are made orally. When that happens, the attorney must object and move the court to strike the inadmissible testimony from the record. Witnesses sometimes give inadmissible testimony before an attorney can object. A common oral motion occurs during witness testimony. Oral motions frequently occur during trials, when it is impractical to draft a written motion. Under some circumstances motions can be made orally. The judge's decision on the motion is called an order. ![]() At a motion hearing, each party has an opportunity to argue its position orally, and the judge can ask specific questions about the facts or the law. In the alternative, the judge may schedule a hearing. ![]() Once the judge receives the motion, he or she may grant or deny the motion based solely on its contents. The motion may also request that the issue be addressed at a hearing before the judge with all parties present. The written motion briefly explains the nature of the lawsuit, describes the efforts made by the defendant to get the plaintiff to submit to a deposition, addresses any known reasons for the plaintiff's failure to cooperate, and recites the statute that permits the taking of depositions in civil litigation. The defendant therefore files a motion with the court to compel in an effort to compel the plaintiff to attend the deposition. A motion almost always contains a recitation of the facts of the case or the situation prompting the movant to make the request.įor example, suppose that a plaintiff in a lawsuit has refused to submit to a deposition-questioning under oath-by the defendant. A written motion may contain citations to case law or statutes that support the motion. Written motions specify what action the movant is requesting and the reasons, or grounds, for the request. judicial system, procedural rules require most motions to be made in writing and can require that written notice be given in advance of a motion being made. The applicant is known as the moving party, or the Movant. A written or oral application made to a court or judge to obtain a ruling or order directing that some act be done in favor of the applicant. ![]()
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8/31/2023 0 Comments Spy max drawdown![]() ![]() Second, valuations help explain why recent drawdowns during Federal Reserve pivots are worse than those before the dot-com bubble crash. Therefore, it’s not surprising the maximum drawdown during the current rate hike cycle was larger than average. Such is three times the 16% average of the prior eight episodes. From May 2020 to May 2021, the one-year period following the last rate cut, the S&P 500 rose over 50%. There are two other considerations in formulating expectations for what the next Federal Reserve pivot has in store for stocks.įirst, the graph below shows the maximum drawdowns during rate-cutting periods and the one-year returns following the final rate cut. The S&P 500 experienced a nearly 25% drawdown during the current cycle. The average drawdown during rate hiking cycles is 11.50%. The graph below shows the maximum drawdown from the beginning of rate hiking cycles. Since the market experienced a decent drawdown during the rate hike cycle starting in March 2022, might a good chunk of the rate drawdown associated with a rate cut have already occurred? What Percentage Drawdown Should We Expect This Time? The speculation resulting from keeping rates well below the natural rate was palpable. Despite brisk economic activity and rising inflation, the Fed kept interest rates at zero and added more to its balance sheet (QE) than during the Financial Crisis. The second half of 20 provide evidence of Wicksell’s theory. Financial assets skyrocket in value while long-term, cash-flow-driven investments with riskier prospects languish. They borrow heavily at the low rate and buy existing assets with somewhat predictable returns and shorter time horizons. But when short-term market rates are below the natural rate, intelligent investors respond appropriately. Per Wicksell, optimal policy should aim at keeping the natural and market rate as closely aligned as possible to prevent misallocation. If a divergence between the natural and market rates is abnormally sustained, it causes a severe misallocation of capital. ![]() Wicksell viewed the divergences between the natural and market rates as the mechanism by which the economic cycle is determined. Second, Wicksell holds that there is the “market rate” or the cost of money in the economy as determined by supply and demand. The natural rate is the combined growth of the working-age population and productivity growth. Per Wicksell’s Elegant Model:įirst, there is the “natural rate,” which reflects the structural growth rate of the economy (which is also reflective of the growth rate of corporate earnings). The nineteenth-century economist’s model states two interest rates help assess economic activity. Wicksell’s Elegant ModelĪ few years ago, we shared the logic of famed Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. We take a quick detour to appreciate how the level of interest rates drives speculation. While not coming to their side, what was their alternative? Accepting a negative real return is not good for profits. As we are learning, such speculative behavior emanating from Fed policy in 20 led to conservative bankers and aggressive hedge funds taking outsized risks. Speculation often blossoms when interest rates are predictably low. From the pandemic until the Fed started raising rates in March 2022, the 10-year real yield was often negative. The graph below shows that real yields, yields less inflation expectations, have been trending lower for 40 years. Regardless of the reason, higher interest rates helped keep speculative bubbles in check.ĭuring the last 20 years, the Fed has presided over a low-interest rate environment. Indeed, high inflation during the 1970s and early 1980s forced Fed vigilance. As such, they didn’t allow rates to get too far above or below the economy’s natural rate. So why are the most recent drawdowns worse than those before 1990? Before 1990, the Fed was more active. Of the six other experiences, only one, 1974-1977, saw a drawdown worse than the average. The three most recent episodes saw larger-than-average drawdowns. The average maximum drawdown from the start of each rate reduction period to the market trough was 27.25%. Since 1970, there have been nine instances in which the Fed significantly cut the Fed Funds rate. Their conditioning may prove harmful if the past proves prescient. Like Pavlov’s dogs, investors buy when they hear the pivot bell ringing. ![]() ![]() ![]() (The Chipmunks cuts the ribbon and people scatters everywhere) Welcome to the magic Kingdom of Disneyland. Mickey Mouse: Good morning, everybody.Donald Duck: Come on get smart! įorget your troubles try to be just like a cheerful chick-a-dee and whistle while you work.Ĭome on get smart tune up and start to whistle while you work.When there's too much to do, don’t let it bother you White Rabbit: You're late! You're late! For a very important date! It's time to open up the gate.When there's too much to do, don't let it bother you Put on that grin and start right in to whistle loud and long (At Disneyland, Mickey Mouse and his friends are getting everything ready for the day) Let's begin on Main Street, just before the Magic Kingdom opens. Professor Owl: Today we're going to the happiest place on Earth! So sing along, everyone. Professor Owl: You’ll find out before you're done! Music's fun for everyone!īird Students: Join right in, Sing-Along with Disney’s Sing-Along Songs! Professor Owl: We'll make sure you can’t go wrong!īird Students: Sing-Along one and all, follow the bouncing ball! Once you’ve heard every word, you'll want to Sing-Along!īertie Birdbrain: But I don’t know all the songs. We will play every note so you can sing-along.īird Students: Join right in and Sing-Along With your favorite Disney Songs. ![]() Professor Owl: Now you at home can sing-along With your favorite Disney song.
8/31/2023 0 Comments Medieval town name generator![]() You will get fresh ideas on how to name locations in D&D, Pathfinder and other board games. There's quite a few of them, and some prefer one over the other depending on the area they live in and on personal preferences. Try combining words, altering spellings, or adding suffixes or prefixes. Renowned for its thick fogs which makes muggers in dark alleys even harder to spot, and has therefore become a hub for rogues and ruffians. Baldurs Gate: This city is also located in the Forgotten Realms and is a great place for those who want to start their adventure in a city with a lot of history. Elven locations names, whether its a forest, a city, or an ancient sacred ground are usually equally exotic in nature as their language, at least when it comes to other races. ![]() Neverwinter: This city is located in the world of Faerun and is known for its beauty. Country A city is a continuous area of land where more than fifty thousand people live, work and play. Whether in common or the local dialect, city names can describe the geography, represent the townspeople, honor an individual of great respect, or pay tribute to a religious figure. When naming a fantasy town, consider its location, climate, culture, and history. There are many towns with names that are quite boring. Step 2: Select the filter options and suggest a name that best fits your preferences and needs or use random Silverymoon: This city is located in the world of Faerun and is known for its beauty. They're all in a standard fantasy style, which works in many settings and styles of fiction. There are many great options for naming your D&D village! Each name is computer-generated and we encourage you to do further research on naming traditions and meanings for your exact region. With over millions of names in our Inyaenamelle. Think about the size and location of your village. Need a fictional town name? WebAngel/demon Name Generator Generates names for angels and demons for characters or your own pantheons and hierarchies.The 'feel' of them is designed to be a mixture of greek and hebrew. Fantasy Town Names & Town Names Generator, Mandalorian Names & Mandalorian Name Generator. Baxton Creek, Maryland - Where the Web-Cartoon series Tywo at Large is based. A name will hint at what a town is like, whether that is a description or a well-kept secret. If you are looking for new and unique names then you can browse through the below cool town names. In any literary work, the names of locations are as crucial to the story as the characters. Draw on your local geography or culture, look at a map, or research the history of the area to spark ideas. ![]() Our tool has a huge and real-time database collection. ![]() Dont get too carried away with your puns and catchphrases. This town is surrounded by thick stone walls, originally laid by a frost giant for a campfire. WebOur FREE Town Name Generator lets you generate unique town, city, or other place names you need for your novel or any kind of work. ![]() 8/31/2023 0 Comments Flamingo one foot![]() How was this happening? We turned to anatomical reports and skeletons of flamingos to see if we could find evidence of biomechanical stabilizing mechanisms that help flamingos easily stand on one leg. Chang and Ting, Biology Letters, CC BY-ND There was very little displacement while the bird had its eyes closed, a bit more while alert and still, and even more while alert and moving. We set out to find whether flamingos relied mostly on passive biomechanics or active nervous system interventions to stand on one leg.Ī visualization of the center of pressure (CoP) displacement and velocity underneath a flamingo’s foot as it stood on the force plate. Hanging bats and perching birds have evolved passive mechanisms for grasping that allow them to sleep without fear of losing their grip. Other animals, such as horses, have evolved passive stabilizing mechanisms to allow them to sleep while standing. Many animals have evolved ways of moving that minimize the amount of energy they expend, whether it’s the pendular mechanics of penguins waddling and gibbons swinging through the trees or the bouncing mechanics of cockroaches. Flamingo legs (like other birds) are constantly in a state of “bent knees,” so there is the potential for large muscular energy expenditure, or muscular effort, necessary to support their body weight. Imagine holding a squat posture with your thigh horizontal and your knee at a right angle – you’d quickly feel the burn. When you stand in line at the grocery store, you don’t stand with your knees bent – that would require you to expend a huge amount of energy to activate your leg muscles. And if it was fatiguing for flamingos to stand on one leg, why would they switch between one leg and the other instead of standing on two legs? If there were an added energetic cost for standing on one leg, it would not make much sense for flamingos to save on thermal energy loss only to lose on muscular energy expenditure. This theory is based on the idea that standing on two legs is more fatiguing than standing alternately on one leg and then the other, but no one has ever directly tested that.Ī large proportion of the metabolic energy any animal expends is due to activating muscles as they stand up against gravity and control movement. Standing on one leg would presumably cut the energy lost to heat in half.Īnother hypothesis is that standing on one leg reduces muscle fatigue by giving one leg a rest while the other supports the body. Some people thought it was to conserve body heat lost by standing in cold water. The specimen’s body wasn’t as stable on two legs, the researchers found.The bulk of a flamingo’s mass sits half a meter above the ground, on a single, slender leg. The flamingo’s center of gravity was close to the inner knee where bones started to form the long column to the ground, giving the precarious-looking position remarkable stability. The bird’s distribution of weight, however, looked important for one-footed balance. The bones themselves don’t seem to have a strict on-off locking mechanism, though Ting has observed bony crests, double sockets and other features that could facilitate stable standing. What bends in the middle of the long flamingo leg is not a knee but an ankle (which explains why to human eyes a walking flamingo’s leg joint bends the wrong way). In flamingo anatomy, the hip and the knee lie well up inside the body. All of a sudden, the bird specimen settled naturally into one-legged lollipop alignment. “The ‘ah-ha!’ moment was when I said, ‘Wait, let’s look at it in a vertical position,’” Ting remembers. Deceased Caribbean flamingos a zoo donated to science gave a better view. Museum bones revealed features of the skeleton that might enhance stability, but bones alone didn’t tell the researchers enough. When a bird tucked its head onto its pillowy back and shut its eyes, the center of pressure made smaller adjustments (within a radius of 3.2 millimeters on average, compared with 5.1 millimeters when active). ![]() “Patience,” Ting says, was the key to any success in this experiment.Īs a flamingo standing on one foot shifted to preen a feather or joust with a neighbor, the instrument tracked wobbles in the foot’s center of pressure, the spot where the bird’s weight focused. Keepers at Zoo Atlanta hand-rearing the test subjects let researchers visit after feeding time in hopes of catching youngsters inclined toward a nap - on one leg on a machine. Ting and Young-Hui Chang of the Georgia Institute of Technology tested balance in fluffy young Chilean flamingos coaxed onto a platform attached to an instrument that measures how much they sway. ![]() A flamingo’s hip and knee lie inside the bird’s body. Translate that improbably long flamingo leg into human terms, and the visible part of the leg would be just the shin down. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. ![]() 8/31/2023 0 Comments Inet network scanner how to![]() ![]() ![]() Step One : Scan the QR Code and download TP-Link Tether APP from Google Play and Apple Store. Run WiFi and Cellular internet speed tests, download speed. It looks like you arent connected to your TP-Link network. Future updates: The modularized structure of iNet allows for the addition of more features and scanning methods in the future. Get the most accurate device recognition of IP address, MAC address, device name, model, vendor, and manufacturer. Send scan results via email: Users can send scan results via email to keep a record of their network's status. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. With Fing App’s free tools and utilities help you: Scan networks with Fing’s Wi-Fi & LAN network scanner and discover all devices connected to any network. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Method 2: Go to Settings and click on General then click on 'iPhone Storage'. Click on that X to delete the iNet - Network Scanner app from your phone. Once it starts to shake, you'll see an X Mark at the top of the app icon. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. On your homescreen, Tap and hold iNet - Network Scanner until it starts shaking. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". App contains common network tools those help to make diagnostics: Ping. This is only little part of abilities of this network scanner. iNet provides you with information about networks your iPhone or iPod touch is connected to. And iNet never phones home, your data is absolutely private on your iPhone. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Also you can select used dns server manually to scan your private networks. This easy to use App outlines a computer network even to the unexperienced user. This article shows you can do it with socket and struct modules without too much extra effort. Get a profound overview and see all details of your computer network. To remove a device from the device list: Right-Click on the device name and choose 'Delete Host'. To initiate a scan: Click on the 'Network Scan' button in the tool bar. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. iNet - The Network Scanner and Toolbox for iPhone. Click on the network scanner tool icon at the left side of the iNet window. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 29.99 Screenshots iNet - One of the best network scanner for Mac and iOS devices. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. If you are already using NetSetMan, you are only one click away from this useful feature.Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. NetSetMan's Network Scanner is the most thought-through and user-friendly solution you will find for exploring computer networks! Process many IPs at the same time to complete a large-scale network scan within the shortest possible time. View the NIC manufacturers of all devices based on a hand-picked list of the most relevant vendor MAC-OUIs.Ĭontrol remote devices with Wake-On-LAN (WOL) and Remote Shutdown/Reboot (with admin privileges).Īdd results to your personal Favorites list to quickly update the status of specific IPs or boot them up using WOL. Get the name, workgroup/domain, MAC address, operating system, network shares, descriptions, etc.Ĭopy details, open targets (file explorer, RDP, http/s, ftp) or export results (html, txt). This free version of iNet offers the same sophisticated network scan engine as the Pro version. Scan networks by IP range, subnet (CIDR) or by cached results from ARP and NDP (network discovery). Scan your network for computers, printers and shared resources quickly and easily. If you would like to find and analyze all devices in your computer network, the most comfortable way is to use the feature-rich Network Scanner that is built in as a tool in NetSetMan. ![]() 8/31/2023 0 Comments 350 engine 700r4 transmission![]() Please note the fuel pump recommendations in the Ram Jet instruction manual. ![]() Once installed in the vehicle, a user needs only to supply 12V power and fuel. Installation is simple the Ram Jet 350 is an assembled 350 crate engine with Vortec heads, Ram Jet induction system, wiring harness, MEFI 4 controller, and detailed instructions. MEFI 4 is ideally suited for use in street rods, street machines and sportsman racers. This new controller fits in the palm of your hand and was originally developed by GM Powertrain for marine applications. The secret is the industry leading MEFI 4 controller. The all new 350 horsepower Ram Jet 350 from CPP makes it easy to have electronic fuel injection on any vehicle originally equipped with a carburetor. Unlike some aftermarket systems, Ram Jet offers great cold starts, hot starts, always ideal air to fuel ratios and exceptional throttle response, power and drivability. Who better to fuel inject your hot rod than the people who build 5 million fuel injected cars and trucks per year, including the one in your driveway. The all new Ram jet 350 uses state of the art components developed by GM to give you all of the benefits of modern electronic engine management. ![]() The small-block Ram Jet 350's intake manifold is styled like the Ram Jet of yesterday, but that is where the similarity ends. Back then everyone wanted a "fuelie" and today that's even more true.Ĭhevrolet Performance Parts has brought back the Ram Jet name with its all new electronic port fuel injection systems for both small-block and big-block Chevy crate engines. You may recall the Ram Jet brand from the GM mechanical fuel injection systems of the 1950's. Wash hands after handling.Now with NEW MEFI 4 Controller with O2 Sensor! WARNING: The wires of these products contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. To reduce your exposure, work in a well-ventilated area and with approved safety equipment, such as dust masks that are specially designed to filter out microscopic particles. Your risk from exposure to these chemicals varies, depending on how often you do this type of work. Some examples of these chemicals are: lead from lead-based paints, crystalline silica from bricks and cement and other masonry products, and arsenic and chromium from chemically treated lumber. WARNING: Some dust created by power sanding, sawing, grinding, drilling, and other construction activities contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. When being serviced, these vehicles generate used oil, waste fluids, grease, fumes and particulates, all known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, and reproductive harm. These chemicals are found in vehicles, vehicle parts and accessories, both new and as replacements. WARNING: Motor vehicles contain fuel, oils and fluids, battery posts, terminals and related accessories which contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. ![]() 8/31/2023 0 Comments Negligee download patch![]() ![]() ![]() Your decisions and advice to the customers will determine the ending and whether there is an extra special surprise end or just another day done. Will this ultimate sales event go well and see you celebrate with the different women, only with your intervention can it possibly succeed. Earning cards as you successfully deal with the different customers in order to unlock bonus content to enjoy in the game. It will be up to you to speak to the customers work out their interests and just how raunchy they might be and thus how risque they need their lingerie to be as you suggest outfits for them to wear. In this fun story set in the Negligee world you will be able to choose which woman to control as she works the store. Here we offer diversity, we have hentai XXX content, thats pretty hot. The shop and the girls will only succeed with your help in this new instalment to the Negligee series. cut-out top handle, internal patch pocket, exterior front flap pocket, adjustable detachable. A new patch for F1® 23 patch (v1.08) has begun rolling out across Xbox, PlayStation, and PC. ![]() The girls of the Lingerie shop are back and they are in for their toughest day of the year, a mega sale event! How will the girls handle things when what seems like the entire town of Paradise Cove descends on the store to get the best deals and get some new intimate attire. A Yuri/Lesbian themed visual novel story with multiple branches and endings. Doll Clothing PATTERN 8885 for 20' adult dolls Bridal Gown Veil Negligee Slip Panties 1940s era Digital PDF file Download (2.9k) 4.99. ![]() 8/30/2023 0 Comments Bone markings of the skull![]() ![]() ![]() A large, shallow, basin-like depression, such as those found in cranial bones, is a fossa, which helps protect and house vital organs such as the brain. In addition to projections, bones also have depressions and openings that allow vasculature and nerves to pass through or along the bone without being compressed against the surface. Other rounded projections with a roughened surface are called tuberosities. An epicondyle is a tubercle-like process that arises atop a condyle. In contrast, tubercles are small, knobby processes that help attach to smaller muscles, tendons, and ligaments. For example, large muscles can attach at long, narrow, and usually curved projections called crests, or along sharp, slender, and usually pointed processes called spines. Any projection is called a process, and it can vary in shape and size. These points of attachment are usually raised projections from the bone surface. Facets may also be slightly convex or concave.īones can only provide structure and movement to the body if they are attached to surrounding tissues, such as ligaments, tendons and aponeuroses, and muscles. This is seen in bones such as the vertebrae, which form the facet joints with other vertebrae. Another articulating feature is the flat, broad surface called the facet. Both the head and condyle are usually covered in articular cartilage for ease of movement at the joints. A similarly rounded knuckle-like projection is the condyle, also found at the ends of long bones. These articulations form a ball-and-socket joint, as seen at the hip and shoulder joints. ![]() The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of large, long bones. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. While a sulcus is a narrow groove that houses nerves and blood vessels running along the surface of a bone a fossa is a broad, shallow depression that helps the bone articulate with another bone.Īdditionally, multiple openings, such as the round foramen and the narrow fissure, allow nerves, vessels, and other tissues to pass through the bones.īones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. They also attach to muscles and ligaments.ĭepressions are indentations that support other structures. Large bones, such as the femur and humerus, form joints via a rounded head supported by a narrow neck.īones also have processes, such as narrow ridges called crests or sharp, slender projections called spines, for the attachment of muscles, ligaments, and tendons.Įpicondyles are small, rounded prominences present on the condyles, and tubercles are those present on other regions of the bone. These features include articulating projections, attachment processes, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections, such as rounded condyles and flat facets, help form joints with other bones. Bone markings are features on their surface that help them interact with other bones and tissues. ![]() ![]() Discuss Jung’s ideas of the collective unconscious and archetypes.Discuss the core differences between Erikson’s and Freud’s views on personality.Discuss the concept of the inferiority complex.Alexandra Adler.By the end of this section, you will be able to: Alexandra Adler, 99, Expert on Traumas to Brain. The journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 103, 181-186. Folie a deux in identical twins treated with electroshock therapy. Journal of Social Therapy, 1, 199-202.Īdler, A. Some psychiatric aspects of female offenders in the Women’s House of Detention. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 111, 41-51.Īdler, A. Harriman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 102, 237-240.Īdler, A. ![]() Two different types of post-traumatic neuroses. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 53, 34-43.Īdler, A. Mental symptoms following head injury: a statistical analysis of two hundred cases. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 51, 243-259.Īdler, A. Disintegration and restoration of optic recognition in visual agnosia. Journal of the American Medical Association, 123, 1098-1101.Īdler, A. Neuropsychiatric complications in victims of Boston's Cocoanut Grove disaster. American Psychiatric Association, 98, 99-101.Īdler, A. The psychology of repeated accidents in industry. Guiding human misfits: A practical application of individual psychology. Indeed her scholarship has forever changed the way we understand Adlerian psychotherapy, PTSD and MS.Īdler, A. Her contributions to the fields of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and neurology have been profound. In 2001, Alexandra Adler passed away in the New York University hospital. As one of the first women to practice neurology Alder directed the Neurological Department for Women. This post-mortem study was so influential that illustrations from this article are reproduced in medical literature on MS today. Later in her career, with Tracy Jackson Putnam, Adler conducted a post-mortem study of the brain of a woman with multiple sclerosis (MS), contributing greatly to the understanding of the neurological basis of the disease. She later published a detailed article on that patient and her inability to perceive the whole visually (1950). In the course of her work with survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire, Adler also discovered one survivor with a lasting brain lesion who presented symptoms of visual agnosia, most likely caused by exposure to carbon monoxide fumes, other noxious gases and/or a lack of sufficient oxygen (1943). ![]() ![]() If it was not for Adler’s study of such a horrific event, those facing PTSD today may still be misunderstood and/or misdiagnosed. This cemented her as a pioneer of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Survivors who lost consciousness for a short period of time during the incident exhibited the most post-traumatic mental complications. More than half of the survivors exhibited symptoms of general nervousness and anxiety which lasted at least three months. Adler conducted psychiatric observations and questionnaires over eleven months with 46 survivors. One of Adler’s most notable contributions to psychology was her study of the survivors of the Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire that occurred in Boston on November 28, 1942. Later she served as the president of the American Society of Adlerian Psychology.Īdler’s research contributed not only to the overall understanding of mental disorders and their treatments, but also to an appreciation for the social contexts that contribute to the experience of mental distress. In 1948, Alexandra became the medical director of the newly founded Alfred Adler Mental Hygiene Clinic in Manhattan. ![]() She published several works discussing, analyzing and explaining the tenets and concepts of individual psychology as related to organ inferiority, psychic compensation, the neurotic’s fictitious goal or life style, and the influence of family position or birth order. In 1959, Adler married Halfdan Gregersen, a dean and professor of romance languages at Williams College.Īs a psychotherapist, Adler was one of the leading interpreters of her father’s theory. Upon her arrival in the USA in 1935, Adler was hired as a neurology instructor at Harvard Medical School and practiced at Massachusetts General Hospital until 1944. Adler and her mother emigrated to the United States to nurse her dying father. Specializing in psychiatry, she was one of the first women to practice neurology in both Austria and the United States of America (USA). She was the daughter of renowned psychologist Alfred Adler, the founder of individual psychology, and his wife, Raissa Timofeyevna Epstein.Īdler studied medicine at the University of Vienna and graduated with a medical degree in 1926. Alexandra Adler, an accomplished neurologist and psychiatrist, was born in Vienna, Austria on September 24, 1901. ![]() |
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